Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are serious heat-related illnesses that can strike during hot weather, especially when temperatures soar. Recognizing the signs early and knowing how to respond can save lives. Heat exhaustion is milder but can progress to heat stroke, a life-threatening emergency.
What Is Heat Exhaustion?
Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses excessive water and salt through sweating, often during intense physical activity in high heat. Symptoms include heavy sweating, cold and clammy skin, dizziness, headache, nausea, and a fast but weak pulse. According to health experts, moving to a cool place, drinking water, and applying cool cloths can help recovery.
Recognizing Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat illness, marked by a body temperature above 103°F (39.4°C), hot and dry skin (sweating may stop), confusion, seizures, or unconsciousness. It requires immediate medical attention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that heat stroke can cause permanent damage or death if not treated promptly.
Immediate First Aid Steps
If you suspect heat stroke, call 911 immediately. While waiting, move the person to a shaded or air-conditioned area, remove excess clothing, and cool them with water or ice packs on the neck, armpits, and groin. Do not give fluids if the person is unconscious or confused. For heat exhaustion, have them rest in a cool place, sip water or sports drinks, and monitor symptoms.
Prevention Tips
Stay hydrated, avoid strenuous activity during peak heat (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), wear lightweight and light-colored clothing, and never leave children or pets in parked cars. The National Weather Service recommends taking breaks in the shade or air conditioning and checking on vulnerable individuals like the elderly and those with chronic conditions.
Who Is at Risk?
Infants, older adults, athletes, outdoor workers, and people with certain medical conditions (e.g., heart disease, obesity) are more susceptible. Certain medications, such as diuretics or antihistamines, can also increase risk. Awareness and preparation are key to preventing heat-related emergencies.
