What Is Cyclospora and Why Is It a Concern?
Cyclospora cayetanensis, a microscopic parasite that triggers gastrointestinal distress, is currently causing illness across several U.S. states. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the parasite leads to cyclosporiasis, an intestinal infection characterized by watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, bloating, nausea, and fatigue. Symptoms can persist for weeks if untreated, and relapses are common.
The CDC reports that outbreaks are often linked to imported fresh produce, particularly raspberries, basil, cilantro, and lettuce from regions where the parasite is endemic, such as tropical and subtropical areas. In 2025, a multistate outbreak in the U.S. sickened over 200 people, with cases reported in at least 10 states including Texas, Florida, and New York. The agency continues to investigate the source of the current outbreak.
Symptoms and Transmission
Cyclospora infection typically appears about one week after consuming contaminated food or water. Symptoms include explosive diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal cramps, bloating, gas, nausea, and low-grade fever. In some cases, untreated infections can last for several months, with symptoms waxing and waning.
The parasite is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces containing the parasite. Unlike many foodborne pathogens, cyclospora requires time outside the host to become infectious, meaning person-to-person spread is unlikely. However, contaminated fresh produce is a common vehicle, as the parasite can survive on fruits and vegetables for weeks.
How to Avoid Infection
To reduce the risk of cyclosporiasis, the CDC recommends thoroughly washing all fresh produce under running water, especially items eaten raw. Scrubbing firm-skinned fruits and vegetables with a brush can help remove surface contaminants. However, washing may not fully eliminate the parasite if it has penetrated the produce's surface.
Additional preventive measures include avoiding food from street vendors in endemic areas, drinking only bottled or boiled water when traveling to regions with poor sanitation, and practicing good hand hygiene after using the bathroom or before handling food. The CDC also advises that produce from high-risk regions should be cooked to an internal temperature of at least 145°F (63°C) to kill the parasite.
Treatment and Recovery
Cyclosporiasis is treatable with a specific antibiotic, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), commonly known as Bactrim or Septra. According to the CDC, this medication is highly effective in reducing symptoms and preventing relapse. For individuals allergic to sulfa drugs, alternative treatments such as ciprofloxacin may be considered, though they are less effective.
Dr. Sarah Collins, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Texas, states: "Cyclospora can cause debilitating symptoms that linger for weeks. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to shorten the illness and prevent complications like dehydration and weight loss." Patients are advised to seek medical attention if they experience persistent diarrhea, especially after consuming imported produce or traveling abroad.
Current Outbreak Status
As of July 2026, the CDC is actively monitoring the outbreak and collaborating with state health departments to identify the source. Public health officials urge clinicians to report suspected cases to local health authorities. The agency also reminds consumers to stay informed about recalls and advisories related to fresh produce.
While cyclospora infections are relatively rare in the United States, the recent uptick in cases highlights the ongoing risk from imported foods. By following proper food safety practices, individuals can significantly reduce their chances of contracting this unpleasant parasite.
