A newly released report by Canada's spy agency, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), has identified India and China as among the primary perpetrators of foreign interference and espionage against Canada. The report comes at a time when Prime Minister Mark Carney is actively seeking to strengthen economic relationships with both nations.
Key Findings of the CSIS Report
The 2025 Public Report, released on Friday, also highlights Russia, Iran, and Pakistan as significant actors in foreign interference activities. However, CSIS warns that these are not the only foreign states attempting to undermine Canadian interests. Foreign interference, as defined in the CSIS Act, encompasses clandestine or deceptive activities detrimental to Canada's interests, aiming to erode democratic institutions and target specific cultural communities.
India's Covert Operations
The report states that India has historically cultivated covert relationships with Canadian politicians, journalists, and members of the Indo-Canadian community to exert influence and advance its interests. This includes transnational repression (TNR) activities such as surveillance and coercive tactics to suppress criticism of the Indian government and instill fear within the community. CSIS emphasizes that Canada must remain vigilant regarding potential TNR against supporters of the Khalistan separatist movement, which seeks a homeland for Sikhs in India's Punjab region. While advocacy for Khalistan separatism is lawful in Canada, India views it as a threat to its domestic stability.
Chinese Espionage Tactics
CSIS observed an evolution in Chinese espionage tactics in 2025, with China posting job advertisements on online platforms to recruit Canadians with access to proprietary or classified information. This approach exploits financial difficulties or career ambitions, engaging a larger number of Canadians who unknowingly apply to work for hostile intelligence services.
Iran's Transnational Repression
The report also highlights Iran as an aggressive perpetrator of TNR, citing the hacktivist group Handala Hack Team, which doxxed several international journalists, including a Canadian resident. Doxxing involves publishing private information without consent.
Context and Implications
The release of this report coincides with Prime Minister Carney's efforts to forge closer economic ties with both India and China. The findings underscore the delicate balance between pursuing economic opportunities and safeguarding national security. CSIS continues to monitor these threats, urging Canadians to remain aware of foreign interference risks.
