An Ontario expert says that gangs like B.C.'s Brothers Keepers and Toronto's Driftwood Crips are closely collaborating in the rap music industry and criminal activities, using social media to expand their reach nationally and internationally.
Expert Insights on Gang Expansion
Andrew Hammond, a sergeant with the Toronto Police Service and president of the Organization for National Gang Information and Awareness (ONGIA), told Postmedia News that Canadian street gangs have broadened their operations significantly. "This has been building for the last six, seven or eight years," said Hammond. "The reach of these gang members now, it’s national, it’s international."
ONGIA is a non-profit organization that provides awareness programs and training to law enforcement professionals, educators, and the public.
Connections Between Gangs
Hammond explained that after the Brothers Keepers formed in B.C. over a decade ago, key members like Surrey's Naseem (Lil Man) Mohammed began connecting with Toronto rappers linked to the Driftwood Crips. Mohammed, a purported hitman who was murdered in Surrey in January, rapped under the names Certi2x and Wlatt. He was particularly close to rapper Pressa, whose father Mark Gardner was a member of the Driftwood Crips convicted of first-degree murder.
The elder Gardner has lived in B.C. since getting paroled, strengthening links between the two provinces, Hammond said. Mohammed, 27, even travelled with Pressa to Russia on tour in 2019.
Social Media and Drill Rap
Hammond noted that Mohammed gained a lot of credibility in the gang world because of his association with Pressa and the Driftwood Crips, a much older gang than B.C.'s BK. Like other aspiring rappers, he expanded his reach through social media posts. "I think he got a lot of street cred because of his ties to Driftwood and because of everything he was putting online. He was doing the drill rap," Hammond said. "Now with the reach of social media, these gangs are international."
Bragging on Social Media
Mohammed posted incessantly, even while on the run from authorities. Firearms, stacks of cash, luxury purchases, and violent lyrics were constant features on his Instagram. Some of his posts appeared to contain admissions of crimes. At the time of his murder, he was a suspect in several killings in B.C. and Ontario, but was never charged.
Hammond said "bragging on social media about crimes you’ve committed is a thing now." However, if the posts are brought up in court, the defence usually portrays the lyrics as artistic reflections of what’s happening in communities, as opposed to evidence of a crime, he added.
Hammond was an expert witness in a 2023 trial of Hassan Ali, a Toronto rapper known as Top 5, who was charged in a 2021 murder. The Crown stayed the charge in September 2024 after an Ontario judge disallowed Ali’s videos or social media posts as evidence in the trial.
